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  1. Polymyositis and myocarditis associated with thymoma are exceptionally rare conditions and usually accompanied by myasthenia gravis (MG) and have been recognized as critical conditions. Thymoma-associated mult...

    Authors: Chihiro Furuta, Motoki Yano, Hiroki Numanami, Masayuki Yamaji, Rumiko Taguchi and Masayuki Haniuda
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:226
  2. Fissureless lobectomies are beneficial for preventing prolonged air leaks (PALs). Despite the widespread use of this technique in lobectomy cases, there have been no reports on fissureless bilobectomies to date.

    Authors: Suiha Uchiyama, Shuhei Iizuka and Toru Nakamura
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:224
  3. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by mechanical obstruction of the coronary artery with a vegetation is extremely rare but associated with high mortality. The optimal management strategy of this condition r...

    Authors: Rena Usui, Masato Mutsuga, Yuji Narita, Yoshiyuki Tokuda, Sachie Terazawa, Hideki Ito, Wataru Uchida and Akihiko Usui
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:223
  4. Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma (PSCC) is an extremely rare tumor that is highly malignant and fast-growing. As chemotherapy and radiation therapy are ineffective, early surgical resection is effective for PSCC.

    Authors: Akihiro Koen, Hideyuki Maeda, Yoji Nagashima and Masato Kanzaki
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:222
  5. Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, and no effective second-line treatment is available. Herein, we describe a case of multiple metastases after primary resection of esophageal...

    Authors: Kuniyasu Takagi, Teppei Kamada, Yoshinobu Fuse, Wataru Kai, Junji Takahashi, Keigo Nakashima, Yuichi Nakaseko, Norihiko Suzuki, Masashi Yoshida, Shinya Okada, Hironori Ohdaira and Yutaka Suzuki
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:221
  6. Severe electrical burns are a rare cause of admission to major burn centers. Incidence of electrical injury causing full-thickness injury to viscera is an increasingly scarce, but severe presentation requiring...

    Authors: Davit Shahmanyan, Matthew T. Joy, Bryan R. Collier, Emily R. Faulks and Mark E. Hamill
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:220
  7. There are only few reported cases of remnant gastric cancer with concomitant afferent loop syndrome. Emergency surgery is the standard treatment strategy for this disease. However, some afferent loop syndrome ...

    Authors: Shu Aoyama, Masaaki Motoori, Yasuhiro Miyazaki, Tomoki Sugimoto, Yujiro Nishizawa, Hisateru Komatsu, Akira Inoue, Yoshinori Kagawa, Akira Tomokuni, Kazuhiro Iwase and Kazumasa Fujitani
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:219
  8. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant inherited disease associated with multiple skin neurofibromas or other neurogenic tumors, such as nodular plexiform neurinoma or cerebrospinal tumor. Gastroint...

    Authors: Tadaaki Shimizu, Nao Hondo, Yusuke Miyagawa, Masato Kitazawa, Futoshi Muranaka, Shigeo Tokumaru, Satoshi Nakamura, Makoto Koyama, Yuta Yamamoto, Takehito Ehara, Satoru Miyazaki, Yasuhiro Iijima, Mai Iwaya and Yuji Soejima
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:218
  9. Pleuroperitoneal communication is a rare disorder that interferes with peritoneal dialysis. Although favorable results of thoracoscopic fistula closure have been reported, there are some cases in which the fis...

    Authors: Satoko Yorinaga, Takehiro Maki, Noriko Kawai, Hiroyuki Kaneko, Kenjiro Misu, Hitoshi Inomata, Makoto Omi and Satoshi Hirano
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:217
  10. Appendectomy remains one of the most common emergency operations. Recent research supports the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with antibiotics alone. While nonoperative management of appendicitis may ...

    Authors: Davit Shahmanyan, Brian Saway, Hannah Palmerton, John S. Rudderow, Christopher M. Reed, Terri-Ann Wattsman, Emily R. Faulks, Bryan R. Collier, Robert E. Budin and Mark E. Hamill
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:215
  11. Bochdalek hernia is a rare disease in adults. Diaphragmatic hernia in adults has been repaired using minimally invasive surgery through laparoscopy or thoracoscopy. However, the literature regarding the combin...

    Authors: Sho Nambara, Yoshihisa Sakaguchi, Fumihiro Shoji, Yasuo Tsuda, Kensuke Kudou, Eiji Kusumoto, Kenkichi Hashimoto, Tetsuya Kusumoto and Koji Ikejiri
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:214
  12. Paraduodenal hernia is a rare internal hernia which accounts for only 1% of all intestinal hernias. There have been limited reported cases of paraduodenal hernia treated by laparoscopic surgery. We report a ca...

    Authors: Noboru Hasegawa, Hiroshi Takeyama, Yozo Suzuki, Shingo Noura, Kazuki Odagiri, Yoshitomo Yanagimoto, Masafumi Yamashita, Junzo Shimizu, Tomono Kawase, Hiroshi Imamura, Takashi Iwazawa, Naohiro Tomita and Keizo Dono
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:213
  13. Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) in a child is very rare. We herein report the first malignant case of PEComa developing in the liver of a pediatric patient.

    Authors: Tokuro Baba, Takafumi Kawano, Yusuke Saito, Shun Onishi, Koji Yamada, Waka Yamada, Ryuta Masuya, Kazuhiko Nakame, Yota Kawasaki, Satoshi Iino, Masahiko Sakoda, Mari Kirishima, Tatsuru Kaji, Akihide Tanimoto, Shoji Natsugoe, Takao Ohtsuka…
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:212
  14. Image-guided surgery with an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system is applied for brain tumors in the neurosurgery field, but has rarely been reported in pediatric surgery. We report our initial experie...

    Authors: Shun Onishi, Chihiro Kedoin, Masakazu Murakami, Nayuta Higa, Akihiro Yoshida, Kazutoshi Onitsuka, Takahiro Moriyama, Koji Yoshimoto and Satoshi Ieiri
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:211
  15. Suture granuloma with hydronephrosis after abdominal surgery is extremely rare. We herein report a successfully treated case of suture granuloma with hydronephrosis caused by ileostomy closure after rectal can...

    Authors: Yasuhiro Takano, Koichiro Haruki, Shu Tsukihara, Tadashi Abe, Muneyuki Koyama, Daisuke Ito, Hironori Kanno, Kyonsu Son, Nobuyoshi Hanyu and Ken Eto
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:210
  16. Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare polyclonal lymphoproliferative disease caused by the overrepresentation of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody ...

    Authors: Yasuaki Tomioka, Shinji Otani, Shin Tanaka, Kazuhiko Shien, Ken Suzawa, Kentaroh Miyoshi, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Mikio Okazaki, Seiichiro Sugimoto, Masaomi Yamane and Shinichi Toyooka
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:209
  17. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a liver tumor that occurs almost exclusively in young adults without underlying liver disease. In spite of its distinct clinical characteristics and specific ...

    Authors: Atsushi Takahashi, Hiroshi Imamura, Ryota Ito, Fumihiro Kawano, Yu Gyoda, Hirofumi Ichida, Ryuji Yoshioka, Yoshihiro Mise, Yuki Fukumura, Katsuhiro Sano and Akio Saiura
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:208
  18. Gomez gastroplasty, which was developed in the 1970s as one of the gastric restrictive surgeries for severe obesity, partitions the stomach using a stapler from the lesser towards the greater curvature at the ...

    Authors: Yudai Hojo, Yasunori Kurahashi, Toshihiko Tomita, Tsutomu Kumamoto, Tatsuro Nakamura, Yoshinori Ishida and Hisashi Shinohara
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:207
  19. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but delayed thermal damage can cause diaphragmatic hernia (DH). Surgery is recommended for DH, and open ...

    Authors: Yasuaki Kimura, Daisuke Ishioka, Hidenori Kamiyama, Shingo Tsujinaka and Toshiki Rikiyama
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:206
  20. Spontaneous common bile duct (CBD) perforation is an extremely rare disease in adults. We report an adult case of CBD perforation due to choledocolithiasis accompanied with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, whic...

    Authors: Risa Sakamoto, Kengo Kai, Masahide Hiyoshi, Naoya Imamura, Koichi Yano, Takeomi Hamada, Takahiro Nishida, Fumiaki Kawano, Daichi Sakurahara, Yukako Uchise, Koji Yamamoto, Hiroaki Kataoka and Atsushi Nanashima
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:205
  21. Small intestinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can cause bleeding. Most small intestinal AVMs occur during adulthood, rarely in infancy. We report a case of an infant with hemorrhage due to small intestinal...

    Authors: Wataru Kudo, Katsunori Kouchi, Ayako Takenouchi, Aki Matsuoka, Kiyoaki Yabe, Tadao Nakazawa and Atsuko Hasegawa
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:204
  22. Although a few cases of accessory breast cancer (ABC) have been reported, most were in the axillary region. We encountered an extremely rare case of ABC in the inframammary region (IMR).

    Authors: Yuka Eguchi, Heiji Yoshinaka, Naoki Hayashi, Kazunobu Sueyoshi, Keiichiro Uchikura, Yuki Nomoto, Ayako Nagata, Hazuki Saho, Yoshiaki Shinden and Takao Ohtsuka
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:203
  23. Colloid carcinoma derived from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreatic head with prominent calcification is exceedingly rare. Only a few studies about this entity have been reported in...

    Authors: Ryoichi Miyamoto, Katsumi Amikura, Shinichi Matsudaira, Hiroyuki Ishida, Toshiro Ogura, Amane Takahashi, Atsushi Kihara, Hiroaki Kanda and Yoshiyuki Kawashima
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:202
  24. Treatment options for complete rectal prolapse include over 100 procedures. In previous reports, operative rectal prolapse repair, regardless of the technique by perineal approach, was associated with high rec...

    Authors: Teppei Kamada, Hironori Ohdaira, Junji Takahashi, Yoshinobu Fuse, Wataru Kai, Keigo Nakashima, Yuichi Nakaseko, Norihiko Suzuki, Masashi Yoshida, Takeo Usui and Yutaka Suzuki
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:200
  25. Plexiform schwannoma is one of the least common variants of schwannoma, accounting for only 5% of all schwannoma cases. It generally occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissues and is uncommon in deep soft tis...

    Authors: Kenji Fukushima, Makoto Shinzeki, Kentaro Tai, Masaki Omori, Natsuko Yamauchi, Tomoko Tanaka, Yasunori Matsuda, Hiroshi Ashitani and Kenichi Tanaka
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:199
  26. Pegfilgrastim is a modified version of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) that prolongs its half-life in peripheral blood. It is prophylactically administered durin...

    Authors: Hikari Jimbo, Yoshiya Horimoto, Misato Okazaki, Yumiko Ishizuka, Hidenori Kido and Mitsue Saito
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:197
  27. Intestinal knot formation, in which two segments of the intestine become knotted together, can result in intestinal obstruction. An ileo-ileal knot refers to knot formation between two ileal segments and is a ...

    Authors: Kohei Kanamori, Kazuo Koyanagi, Hitoshi Hara, Kenji Nakamura, Kazuhito Nabeshima, Miho Yamamoto, Yamato Ninomiya, Tadashi Higuchi, Kentaro Yatabe, Mika Ogimi, Kohei Tajima, Masaki Mori, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Toshio Nakagohri and Soji Ozawa
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:195
  28. Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities often suffer from tracheal stenosis due to chest deformation and brachiocephalic artery compression, which sometimes leads to serious complications, suc...

    Authors: Hirofumi Tomita, Akihiro Shimotakahara, Naoki Shimojima, Hideo Ishihama, Miki Ishikawa, Yuki Mizuno, Makoto Hashimoto, Ayano Tsukizaki, Kazuaki Miyaguni and Seiichi Hirobe
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:194
  29. The complication of duplication of alimentary tracts and pancreas divisum (PD) is a rare malformation and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in this malformation is also extremely rare....

    Authors: Naoto Takahashi, Hiroyuki Nitta, Akira Umemura, Hirokatsu Katagiri, Shoji Kanno, Daiki Takeda, Kenji Makabe, Satoshi Amano, Masao Nishiya, Noriyuki Uesugi, Tamotsu Sugai and Akira Sasaki
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:193
  30. The optimal management of an aberrant artery in pulmonary sequestration (PS) is controversial. Several studies have shown that hybrid surgery with preoperative coil embolization for an aberrant artery and surg...

    Authors: Keita Nakanishi, Masaki Goto, Shota Nakamura and Toyofumi Fengshi Chen-Yoshikawa
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:192
  31. Troubleshooting intraoperative complications requires careful management, and the safest technique should be chosen. We recently experienced a unique intraoperative bronchial complication during pulmonary lobe...

    Authors: Hiroto Tanaka, Teruhiro Aoki, Makoto Oda and Yoshimasa Inoue
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:191
  32. Colorectal cancer and peripheral artery disease are common conditions in older adults and may coexist in this population. Lymph node dissection along the inferior mesenteric artery is a vital procedure in case...

    Authors: Kyoichi Kihara, Hiromu Horie, Kozo Miyatani, Masayuki Endo, Tomoyuki Matsunaga, Manabu Yamamoto, Shinsaku Yata, Naruo Tokuyasu, Teruhisa Sakamoto and Yoshiyuki Fujiwara
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:190
  33. Postoperative bleeding in thyroid surgery is a serious complication with fatal outcomes. Risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage have been reported as old age, male sex, Graves' disease, use of anticoagulant...

    Authors: Marie Saitou, Muneo Okamoto, Ryuta Nagaoka, Tomoo Jikuzono, Masaomi Sen, Hiroko Kazusaka, Mami Matsui and Iwao Sugitani
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:189
  34. Metastasis to the breast is rare. We herein report a patient with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma to the breast for whom measuring the calcitonin level was an important clue to the correct diagnosis.

    Authors: Yoko Omi, Hidenori Kamio, Yusaku Yoshida, Kenta Masui, Tomoko Yamamoto, Yoji Nagashima and Takahiro Okamoto
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:188
  35. The occurrence of schwannomas in the hepatoduodenal ligament is rare, and its preoperative accurate diagnosis is difficult. Only few cases have been treated with laparoscopic surgery.

    Authors: Tomoaki Bekki, Koichi Oishi, Takeshi Tadokoro, Yosuke Namba, Sho Okimoto, Shoichiro Mukai, Yasufumi Saito, Seiji Fujisaki, Toshihiro Nishida, Hideki Ohdan and Toshikatsu Fukuda
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:187
  36. Esophageal achalasia causes dysphagia following impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter due to the degeneration of Auerbach’s plexus in the esophageal smooth muscle. Recently, peroral endoscopic ...

    Authors: Junichi Tsunokake, Yusuke Taniyama, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Chiaki Sato, Hiroshi Okamoto, Toshiaki Fukutomi, Yohei Ozawa, Naoto Ujiie, Ken Koseki, Yusuke Gokon, Makoto Horiuchi, Ryujiro Akaishi, Takuro Yamauchi, Michiaki Unno and Takashi Kamei
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:186
  37. Cutaneous metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are rare, occurring in 0.7% to 5% of cancer patients. Furthermore, the molecular subtypes of cutaneous metastasis of CRC are unclear. Here, we present a rare cas...

    Authors: Kosuke Yunoki, Takuya Yano, Masanori Yoshimitsu, Ko Oshita, Tetsushi Kubota, Michihiro Ishida, Daisuke Satoh, Yasuhiro Choda, Kanyu Nakano, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Hiroyoshi Matsukawa, Hitoshi Idani, Shigehiro Shiozaki and Masazumi Okajima
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:185
  38. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve associated with acute type A aortic dissection is rare in daily clinical practice. The prevention of systolic anterior motion is important, because once it occurs, ...

    Authors: Naoki Yamamoto and Koji Onoda
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:184
  39. Ligation clips are used for vessel or tissue ligation in surgery. Although previous reports have described the migration of metallic clips after hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery, very few reports have describ...

    Authors: Yukari Kihara, Yutaka Takeda, Yoshiaki Ohmura, Yoshiteru Katsura, Go Shinke, Ryo Ikeshima, Shinsuke Katsuyama, Kenji Kawai, Masayuki Hiraki, Keijiro Sugimura, Toru Masuzawa, Atsushi Takeno, Taishi Hata and Kohei Murata
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:183
  40. To maximize the therapeutic effect for complicated sternal fracture, we should know advantages and disadvantages of each surgical repositioning technique, and the choice of an appropriate procedure is essentia...

    Authors: Yoshifumi Fuke, Tomoki Ushijima, Sho Matsuyama, Satoshi Kimura, Hiromichi Sonoda, Sayaka Osawa, Jun Maki, Kentaro Tokuda, Kenta Momii and Akira Shiose
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:182
  41. Pleuroperitoneal communication (PPC) is an uncommon, but potentially life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). If a fistula does not close with conservative treatment, surgical repair is requi...

    Authors: Teizaburo Mori, Akihiro Fujino, Masataka Takahashi, Ryoya Furugane, Tamotsu Kobayashi, Motohiro Kano, Akihiro Yoneda, Yutaka Kanamori, Ryutaro Suzuki, Kentaro Nishi, Koichi Kamei and Masayuki Kitamura
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:181
  42. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare disease, mostly found in conjunction with acute myelogenous leukemia or other diseases, and primary nonleukemic MS of the spleen is particularly rare.

    Authors: Asuka Ono, Yuki Kitano, Katsunori Imai, Takashi Matsumoto, Shinya Endo, Kenji Tokunaga, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Yo-Ichi Yamashita, Masao Matsuoka and Hideo Baba
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:180
  43. Few cases have been reported of colorectal cancer with inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) branching abnormalities; therefore, the lymphatic flow in such cases remains unknown. We report the first case of locally...

    Authors: Takahiro Korai, Kenji Okita, Toshihiko Nishidate, Koichi Okuya, Emi Akizuki, Yu Sato, Atsushi Hamabe, Daisuke Kyuno, Masayuki Ishii, Ryo Miura, Masafumi Imamura, Minoru Nagayama, Takeshi Murakami, Takayuki Nobuoka, Tatsuya Ito and Ichiro Takemasa
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:179
  44. Although sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is relatively common in children, it is rare in adults. The prognosis for malignant cases is poor, so prompt surgical resection is required. Transabdominal and transsacra...

    Authors: Ryosuke Machi, Chikashi Hiranuma, Hayato Suzuki, Masakazu Hattori, Kenji Doden and Yasuo Hashidume
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:178
  45. Open complete transection of the femoral artery and vein following blunt trauma is extremely rare. Furthermore, even if the patient has been successfully resuscitated, it is sometimes difficult in most patient...

    Authors: Hoshi Himura, Kenichiro Uchida, Masahiro Miyashita and Yasumitsu Mizobata
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:177

    The Correction to this article has been published in Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:198

  46. Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms (PDAAs) are rare visceral aneurysms, and prompt intervention/treatment of all PDAAs is recommended at the time of diagnosis to avoid rupture of aneurysms. Herein, we report...

    Authors: Shuhei Kii, Hirofumi Kamachi, Daisuke Abo, Takuya Kato, Yousuke Tsuruga, Kenji Wakayama, Tatsuhiko Kakisaka, Takeshi Soyama, Toshiya Kamiyama, Tomonori Ooka, Satoru Wakasa and Akinobu Taketomi
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:174

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