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  1. Shotgun injuries are a relatively uncommon type of trauma, and therefore may present a challenge in management for trauma surgeons. This is particularly true in the case of surgeons unfamiliar with the unique ...

    Authors: J. Alford Flippin, Sami Kishawi, Hannah Braunstein and Alaina M. Lasinski
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:148
  2. Leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor that could originate from the gastrointestinal tract, uterus, kidney, retroperitoneum, and the soft tissues of the extremities. It accounts for only 1% of all gastrointestinal me...

    Authors: Toru Takagi, Shin Saito, Shinichiro Yokota, Yuki Kaneko, Kazuya Takahashi, Rihito Kanamaru, Kentaro Kurashina, Yoshinori Hosoya, Joji Kitayama, Hirotoshi Kawata, Hiroyuki Osawa and Naohiro Sata
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:146
  3. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can often spread as intrahepatic metastases. Extrahepatic metastasis (e.g., lung, lymph nodes, and bones) is rare, and gallbladder metastasis from HCC is extremely rare.

    Authors: Takaaki Hanazawa, Yasuyuki Fukami, Takaaki Osawa, Shintaro Kurahashi, Tatsuki Matsumura, Takuya Saito, Shunichiro Komatsu, Kenitiro Kaneko, Toyonori Tsuzuki and Tsuyoshi Sano
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:145
  4. We describe herein an extremely rare case of intracardiac ectopic thymoma—only two pure cases have been reported to date—associated with myasthenia gravis, an infrequent complication of ectopic thymoma.

    Authors: Satoshi Takebayashi, Yasuji Yoshikawa, Masato Morita, Ryotaro Nagashima, Yuichi Nakazono and Shinji Miyamoto
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:144
  5. Accessory liver lobe (ALL) is a rare liver malformation. An ALL develops due to malformation of the endodermal caudal foregut and segmentation of the hepatic bud in the third week of gestation. Most ALLs are a...

    Authors: Ayaka Nagano, Shun Onishi, Chihiro Kedoin, Mayu Matsui, Masakazu Murakami, Koshiro Sugita, Keisuke Yano, Toshio Harumatsu, Koji Yamada, Waka Yamada, Makoto Matsukubo, Mitsuru Muto, Tatsuru Kaji and Satoshi Ieiri
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:143
  6. Idiopathic free-floating thrombus (FFT) of the aorta is a rare occurrence, but it can lead to catastrophic consequences. The initial symptoms are typically cerebral or peripheral embolisms. Surgical thrombecto...

    Authors: Naohiko Oki, Yoshito Inoue and Sohsyu Kotani
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:141
  7. Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS), which results from compression of the median arcuate ligament (MAL), is a rare cause of abdominal pain and weight loss. Treatment is dissection of the MAL; however, the...

    Authors: Hiroshi Saito, Koichiro Sawada, Jyunichi Ogawa, Masashi Hashimoto, Masahiro Oshima, Masahiro Hada, Yosuke Kato, Kaeko Oyama, Masanori Kotake and Takuo Hara
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:140
  8. Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) is a treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease due to type 1 diabetes mellitus. We report a patient with a refractory fistula due to leak...

    Authors: Chisato Shirakawa, Masaaki Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Shimamura, Yasuyuki Koshizuka, Norio Kawamura, Ryoichi Goto, Takeshi Soyama, Daiki Iwami, Kiyohiko Hotta, Akinobu Taketomi and Daisuke Abo
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:139
  9. Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the first choice treatment for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but up to 35% of dCRT-treated tumors may have persistent or recurrent di...

    Authors: Hsuan-Hsuan Yu, Yi-Wei Chen, Yi-Chen Yeh, Chien-Sheng Huang and Chao-Hua Chiu
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:138
  10. Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) has become an increasingly significant disease not only as healthcare-associated infection, but also as community-acquired (CA) infection worldwide. CDI caus...

    Authors: Masayuki Hiraki, Rei Suzuki, Nobuo Tanaka, Hiroki Fukunaga, Yoshinori Kinoshita, Hayato Kimura, Shusaku Tsutsui, Masaru Murata and Shunji Morita
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:137
  11. In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for patients with Budd‒Chiari syndrome (BCS), there are several concerns about reconstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins. Herein, we report t...

    Authors: Norikazu Une, Kazuaki Tokodai, Norifumi Kanai, Yoshikatsu Saitoh, Mineto Ohta, Kengo Sasaki, Koji Miyazawa, Toshiaki Kashiwadate, Atsushi Fujio, Wataru Nakanishi, Shigehito Miyagi, Michiaki Unno and Takashi Kamei
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:136
  12. The strategy for treating obstructive colon cancers with metastatic lesions remains unclear. Herein, we report a case of laparoscopic ileo-transverse colon bypass (LITB) before preoperative chemotherapy for an...

    Authors: Shunsuke Tabe, Toru Tonooka, Isamu Hoshino, Nobuhiro Takiguchi, Hiroaki Soda, Hisashi Gunji, Yoshihiro Nabeya and Masayuki Ohtsuka
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:135
  13. Probiotics have been reported to be beneficial for the prevention of postoperative complications and are often used during the perioperative period. Among the probiotic-related adverse events, bacteremia is ra...

    Authors: Mitsuhiro Shimura, Masamichi Mizuma, Kei Nakagawa, Shuichi Aoki, Takayuki Miura, Tatsuyuki Takadate, Kyohei Ariake, Shimpei Maeda, Kei Kawaguchi, Kunihiro Masuda, Masaharu Ishida, Hideo Ohtsuka, Takanori Morikawa, Takashi Kamei and Michiaki Unno
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:133
  14. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used as a minimally invasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RFA has a low risk of complications, especially compared with liver resection. Nevertheless, v...

    Authors: Atsushi Morito, Shigeki Nakagawa, Katsunori Imai, Norio Uemura, Hirohisa Okabe, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Yo-ichi Yamashita, Akira Chikamoto and Hideo Baba
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:130
  15. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is being used to treat esophageal submucosal tumors (SMTs) all over the world. However, this technique is difficult when the tumor is large and located on the left s...

    Authors: Kohei Kemuriyama, Satoru Motoyama, Yusuke Sato, Akiyuki Wakita, Yushi Nagaki, Hiromu Fujita, Ryohei Sasamori, Kazuhiro Imai, Masaki Aokawa and Yoshihiro Minamiya
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:129
  16. Several reports have documented that the pulmonary sequestration is in communication with the gastrointestinal tract and the concept of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) has become more widespread. ...

    Authors: Noboru Oyachi, Fuminori Numano, Keiichi Koizumi, Tamao Shinohara and Hirochika Matsubara
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:128
  17. Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare mesenchymal tumor that mainly affects adults. Its prognosis is good after curative resection, but distant recurrences after 10 years or longer have been report...

    Authors: Kozue Matsuishi, Kojiro Eto, Atsushi Morito, Hirokazu Hamasaki, Keisuke Morita, Satoshi Ikeshima, Kei Horino, Shinya Shimada and Hideo Baba
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:127
  18. Traumatic esophageal injury leads to severe complications such as mediastinitis, pyothorax, and tracheoesophageal fistula. Although prompt diagnosis and treatment are required, there are no established protoco...

    Authors: Masaki Honda, Toshiro Tanioka, Shigeo Haruki, Yuko Kamata, Hiromasa Hoshi, Kyoko Ryu, Kenta Yagi, Kodai Ueno, Satoshi Matsui, Yoshiteru Ohata, Fumi Hasegawa, Akio Kaito, Kaida Arita, Koji Ito and Noriaki Takiguchi
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:126
  19. Port site metastasis (PSM) after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer and muscular metastasis from gastric cancer are rare manifestations. Similarly, subcutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer is rare, and...

    Authors: Yasuhiro Fukui, Naoshi Kubo, Katsunobu Sakurai, Yutaka Tamamori, Kiyoshi Maeda and Masaichi Ohira
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:124
  20. Apart from Kasai’s procedure, liver transplantation (LTx) has dramatically improved the outcome of children with biliary atresia (BA). However, de novo malignancy has been reported to be one of the major cause...

    Authors: Naruki Higashidate, Suguru Fukahori, Shinji Ishii, Nobuyuki Saikusa, Naoki Hashizume, Yoshinori Koga, Daisuke Masui, Saki Sakamoto, Shiori Tsuruhisa, Hirotomo Nakahara, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Masaru Fukahori, Keisuke Miwa, Yoshiki Naito and Minoru Yagi
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:123
  21. The improved prognosis of Crohn’s disease may increase the opportunities of surgical treatment for patients with Crohn’s disease and the risk of development of colorectal cancer. We herein describe a patient w...

    Authors: Shin Emoto, Shigenori Homma, Tadashi Yoshida, Nobuki Ichikawa, Yoichi Miyaoka, Hiroki Matsui, Ryo Takahashi, Keita Ishido, Takuya Otsuka, Tomoko Mitsuhashi, Takehiko Katsurada and Akinobu Taketomi
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:122
  22. Left atrial dissection is a rare complication of cardiac surgery, most commonly associated with mitral valve surgery. Herein, we report on the successful conservative treatment of left atrial dissection while ...

    Authors: Kentaro Kiryu, Takayuki Kadohama, Yoshinori Itagaki, Gembu Yamaura, Fuminobu Tanaka, Daichi Takagi, Takuya Wada, Itaru Igarashi, YuYa Yamazaki and Hiroshi Yamamoto
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:120
  23. Non-functioning parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy among endocrine tumors. We report a case in which non-functional oxyphilic parathyroid carcinoma was diagnosed from clinical symptoms and p...

    Authors: Masaomi Sen, Ryuta Nagaoka, Hiroko Kazusaka, Mami Matsui, Marie Saitou, Iwao Sugitani, Takashi Sakatani and Kaori Kameyama
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:119
  24. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most serious causes of death after liver transplantation (LT). IA is the second most common fungal infection, and its mortality rate exceeds 80%.

    Authors: Takahiro Tomiyama, Takashi Motomura, Norifumi Iseda, Akinari Morinaga, Tomonari Shimagaki, Takeshi Kurihara, Huanlin Wang, Takeo Toshima, Yoshihiro Nagao, Shinji Itoh, Noboru Harada, Tomoharu Yoshizumi and Masaki Mori
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:118
  25. Ectopic decidua is the presence of decidual tissue outside the uterus. Ectopic decidua of the appendix is a rare entity that can present with abdominal symptoms mimicking appendicitis. We report a case of a 39...

    Authors: Manabu Kaneko, Hiroaki Nozawa, Hirofumi Rokutan, Koji Murono, Tetsuo Ushiku and Soichiro Ishihara
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:117
  26. A bronchial fistula is a relatively rare and potentially fatal complication after lung transplantation. Thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists often face challenges when selecting treatment options. We herein re...

    Authors: Yuya Nobori, Masaaki Sato, Yasutaka Hirata, Haruo Yamauchi, Chihiro Konoeda, Kentaro Kitano and Jun Nakajima
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:116
  27. The Fontan procedure (FP) is a palliative surgery for functional single ventricle. The Fontan circulation maintains pulmonary circulation by a high central venous pressure, leading to chronic congestive liver....

    Authors: Miku Iwata, Katsunori Sakamoto, Chihiro Ito, Akimasa Sakamoto, Mio Uraoka, Tomoyuki Nagaoka, Kei Tamura, Naotake Funamizu, Akihiro Takai, Kohei Ogawa and Yasutsugu Takada
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:115
  28. Pectus excavatum is a common thoracic deformity that can be encountered during thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Here, we report two cases of esophageal cancer complicated by pectus excavatum that were treated with...

    Authors: Tomoya Tsukada, Yuto Kitano, Yuya Sugimoto and Masahide Kaji
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:113
  29. The antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure is effective for severe constipation in patients with spina bifida and can improve quality of life (QOL). The Monti–Malone procedure (MM), which is a method of cr...

    Authors: Koichi Saito, Yoshiaki Kinoshita, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Takashi Kobayashi, Yuhki Arai, Toshiyuki Ohyama and Naoki Yokota
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:112
  30. Gastric yolk sac tumor (YST)-like carcinoma is extremely rare, and its prognosis is poor, because most patients have widespread metastases at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of gastric YST-like carcino...

    Authors: Hibiki Umeda, Satoru Kikuchi, Shinji Kuroda, Shuya Yano, Takehiro Tanaka, Kazuhiro Noma, Masahiko Nishizaki, Shunsuke Kagawa, Yuzo Umeda and Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:111
  31. Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor that develops commonly in the kidney and rarely in other organs. The involvement of the spleen in angiomyolipoma is extremely rare, and only one such case has been ...

    Authors: Kaoru Sato, Fumito Saijo, Yu Katayose, Mitsuhisa Mutoh, Noriyuki Iwama, Fumie Nakayama and Hiromi Tokumura
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:110
  32. Subtotal cholecystectomy in patients with severe acute cholecystitis is considered a “bailout” option when the safety of the bile duct cannot be guaranteed. However, subtotal cholecystectomy has a long-term ri...

    Authors: Taisei Teshima, Hidetoshi Nitta, Chisho Mitsuura, Yuta Shiraishi, Kazuto Harada, Kenji Shimizu, Ryuichi Karashima, Toshiro Masuda, Katsutaka Matsumoto, Tetsuya Okino and Hiroshi Takamori
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:109
  33. Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) is a rare nonmalignant cyst consisting of a benign collection of keratinizing squamous epithelial cells with lymphoid tissue. Diagnosing LEC preoperatively is considered ...

    Authors: Takuya Iguchi, Akira Shimizu, Koji Kubota, Tsuyoshi Notake, Shinsuke Sugenoya, Kiyotaka Hosoda, Koya Yasukawa, Hikaru Hayashi, Ryoichiro Kobayashi and Yuji Soejima
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:108
  34. Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare, benign, tumor-like lesion. Because there are no characteristic laboratory markers or radiological features, hepatic IPT is often misdiagnosed as a malignant ne...

    Authors: Masataka Maruno, Katsunori Imai, Yosuke Nakao, Yuki Kitano, Takayoshi Kaida, Kosuke Mima, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Yo-Ichi Yamashita, Yoshiki Mikami and Hideo Baba
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:107
  35. Diastolic retrograde flow in the descending aorta (DAo) may occur in the presence of atherosclerosis and may be overlooked as a mechanism of retrograde embolization in patients with stroke. We performed thorac...

    Authors: Masafumi Hashimoto, Yoshikazu Nakano and Yusaku Tamura
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:106
  36. Submucosal fecalith(s) mimicking submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal lumen are rare. Moreover, accurate preoperative diagnosis of these entities is exceedingly difficult, and the mechanism(s) of their fo...

    Authors: Tomoaki Bekki, Toshikatsu Fukuda, Toshiyuki Moriuchi, Yosuke Namba, Sho Okimoto, Shoichiro Mukai, Yasufumi Saito, Koichi Oishi, Toshihiro Nishida and Hideki Ohdan
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:105
  37. Malignant tumors with rhabdoid features are extremely rare. They can occur in various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, with common clinical features of high malignancy and poor prognosis.

    Authors: Masatsugu Kojima, Toru Miyake, Tomoyuki Ueki, Hiroyuki Ohta, Ryoji Kushima, Masanori Shiohara, Hiroo Mizuta, Hiroya Iida, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi, Sachiko Kaida, Katsushi Takebayashi, Hiromitsu Maehira, Yusuke Nishina, Tomoharu Shimizu, Eiji Mekata and Masaji Tani
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:104
  38. Pediatric hydronephrosis induced by pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is treated by dismembered pyeloplasty (DP) via open and laparoscopic surgery. The etiology of PUJO involves both intrinsic stenos...

    Authors: Satoshi Ieiri and Kouji Nagata
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:103
  39. True primary enterolithiasis is an uncommon condition, and nontraumatic perforation of the small intestine (NTPSI) is also an unusual entity. Therefore, NTPSI due to true primary enteroliths is an exceptionall...

    Authors: Yusuke Hirakawa, Hirona Shigyo, Yuriko Katagiri, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Mitsuru Katsumoto, Hiroshi Tomoeda and Masahiko Nakano
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:102
  40. In hepatectomy, the preservation of portal perfusion and venous drainage in the remnant liver is important for securing postoperative hepatic function. Right hepatectomy is generally indicated when a hepatic t...

    Authors: Masayoshi Terayama, Kyoji Ito, Nobuyuki Takemura, Fuyuki Inagaki, Fuminori Mihara and Norihiro Kokudo
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:101
  41. Urothelial carcinoma arises from transitional cells in the urothelial tract. In advanced cases, it can metastasize locally to surrounding organs or distally to organs such as the lungs, bones, or liver. Here w...

    Authors: Yuki Ii, Shinya Munakata, Kumpei Honjo, Masaya Kawai, Shingo Kawano, Kiichi Sugimoto, Shuji Isotani, Yutaka Kojima, Shigeo Horie, Takashi Yao and Kazuhiro Sakamoto
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:100
  42. Salvage surgery is an effective therapeutic option for patients experiencing relapses after chemoradiotherapy for advanced-stage lung cancer or after high-dose radiotherapy for early-stage lung cancer. We repo...

    Authors: Haruaki Hino, Kahori Nakahama, Makoto Ogata, Kayoko Kibata, Chika Miyasaka, Takahiro Utsumi, Natsumi Maru, Hiroshi Matsui, Yohei Taniguchi, Tomohito Saito, Koji Tsuta and Tomohiro Murakawa
    Citation: Surgical Case Reports 2021 7:98

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