Table 2 A Summary of previously published reports of TLS and hyperuricemia cases
From: Tumor lysis syndrome following letrozole for locally advanced breast cancer: a case report
Year of publication | Author | Age | Diagnosis | Current treatment | Risk factors specified | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023 | Furusawa M et al. [12] | 65 | Invasive ductal carcinoma ER + , PR + , HER2-, MIB-1 Index: 60%) | Palliative radiotherapy | Widespread metastases | Developed TLS after 11 h, and recovered 6 days later |
2021 | Handy C et al. [13] | 66 | Advanced, ER-, HER2- ductal tumor | PIK3CA + fulvestrant/alpelisib | Widespread metastases | Developed TLS on D12, and recovered 6 days later |
2021 | Watkinson GE et al. [3] | 74 | Occult breast cancer, ER + , HER2 −  | Letrozole | Pleural seeding | Developed TLS on D3, and died 2 days later |
2020 | Carrier X et al. [14] | 55 | Advanced, ER-, HER2-, ductal tumor | Atezolizumab/nab-paclitaxel | Bone and liver and lung metastasis | Developed TLS on D6 Was discharged to home |
2019 | Aslam et al. [15] | 58 | Invasive poorly differentiated ductal carcinoma with widespread metastases. ER − , PR − , HER +  | Gemcitabine | Widespread metastases | Developed TLS on D4. Was discharged to hospice |
2019 | Parsi et al. [16] | 36 | Grade-4 invasive ductal carcinoma. ER + , PR + , HER2 +  | No treatment started before developing TLS | Widespread innumerable metastases | Spontaneous development of TLS after diagnosis of breast cancer but before starting treatment. Recovery from acute TLS with IV fluids and rasburicase |
2019 | Idrees et al. [17] | 48 | Infiltrating ER + , PR + , HER2 − , p53 − , Ki67 10% carcinoma with bony and liver metastases | No treatment had been given before TLS | Bony and liver metastases | Presentation with abdominal pain and oliguria. Found to be in spontaneous TLS from an as-yet undiagnosed breast cancer with widespread metastatic disease |
2016 | Bromberg et al. [18] | 78 | Advanced, ER + , HER2 − ductal tumor | Palbociclib/letrozole | Widespread metastases | Severe kidney injury resolved with intravenous fluids and allopurinol. Palbociclib dose reduced for ongoing treatment |
2016 | Bromberg et al. [18] | 86 | Advanced, ER + , HER2 − ductal tumor | Palbociclib/letrozole | Liver metastases | Developed hyperuricaemia was given allopurinol and encouraged to increase oral fluid intake. Uric acid level reduced and palbociclib restarted at lower dose |
2016 | Baudon et al. [19] | 58 | Invasive grade-III ductal carcinoma, ER − , PR − , HER2 − . Locally advanced and very widespread bony metastases | Trastuzumab and pertuzumab | High LDH at start of treatment and reduced eGFR (53). Widespread disease | Developed organ failure on D2 and died 48 h later from multiorgan dysfunction |
2014 | Vaidya and Acevedo [20] | 52 | Locally recurrent, invasive ductal cell carcinoma, ER + , PR + , HER2 −  | Single dose paclitaxel | Liver metastases | Became encephalopathic on D7 and died during hemofiltration |
2013 | Taira et al. [21] | 69 | Invasive ductal carcinoma, triple-disease, T2N1M0, stage IIB | Trastuzumab | Liver metastases present | Developed a cardiac arrhythmia on D6 of trastuzumab, died from acute renal failure on D11 |
2005 | Mott et al. [1] | 44 | Metastatic ER + , PR + and HER2 overexpressing carcinoma | Gemcitabine and cisplatin |  | Developed nausea and vomiting. Fluids and allopurinol then rasburicase given, full recovery of renal function made |
2005 | Mott et al. [1] | 47 | Stage I, ER + , PR − , HER2 − cancer diagnosed 4 years earlier | 5-Fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide |  | Developed TLS 24 h into treatment. Fluids given with allopurinol and renal function gradually improved |
2004 | Kurt et al. [22] | 42 | Invasive ductal carcinoma, stage IIB | Capecitabine | Liver metastases present | 11Â h into capecitabine became confused, bradycardic, and oliguric. GCS 11 and died shortly after |
2001 | Zigrossi et al. [2] | 61 | Invasive ductal cell carcinoma, T2N0. ER + , PR +  | Letrozole |  | Developed TLS on D2. Letrozole held, supportive management given was alive 20 months later |
2000 | Rostom et al. [23] | 73 | Male patient with widespread LN infiltration and bony disease | Hemibody irradiation | Widespread metastases | Developed renal failure 48Â h after irradiation treatment, failed to respond to allopurinol and IV fluids, developed coma, and died 5Â days following treatment |
1997 | Ustündağ et al. [24] | 56 | Tumor type not specified | Paclitaxel | Metastases, pre-existing elevated LDH | Became oliguric during first infusion and became confused. Started hemofiltration but died within 24 h from cardiac arrest |
1995 | Sklarin and Markham [25] | 62 | Infiltrating lobar carcinoma, with lung, liver, and bone metastases | No treatment before TLS diagnosis. Then recurred with | Bony and liver metastases | Already fulfilling criteria for TLS at time of initially presented with breast mass. Further episode of TLS following treatment with dibromodulcitol, doxorubicin, vincristine, tamoxifen, Halotestin, methotrexate, and leucovorin |
1994 | Drakos et al. [26] | 31 | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, T2N1M0, ER +  | Mitoxantrone | Liver metastases. Normal renal function | Developed biochemical and clinical TLS on D3. Died 1 month later from hepatic failure secondary to infiltrative disease |
1987 | Stark et al. [27] | 53 | Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma, ER + , PR −  | 5-Fluorouracil, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide | Extensive metastases, very elevated LDH, and raised urea | 18 h posttreatment developed TLS, suffered cardiac arrest 48 h later |
1986 | Cech et al. [28] | 94 | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Hormone profile not performed | Tamoxifen | Extensive metastatic disease including widespread bony metastases | Renal function deteriorated on D7. Patient died 2Â months later from congestive cardiac failure |