Fig. 4

Intraoperative findings during resection of a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. a Resection of the hydrocele protruding into the abdominal cavity. b Incision of the dorsal transversalis fascia. c Dissection of the hydrocele in the inguinal canal via a transversalis fascia incision. d Dissection of the subcutaneous hydrocele from the transversalis fascia incision. IPT, iliopubic tract; HCN, hydrocele of the canal of Nuck; MIL, medial umbilical ligament; IEV, inferior epigastric vessel; TF, transversalis fascia; CL, Cooper’s ligament; HI, hydrocele in the inguinal canal; SH, subcutaneous hydrocele