Table 1 Reported cases of empyema associated with lung abscess rupture or perfolation

1

3

M

RML

–

Negative

Thoracotomy

 + 

ND

Rt middle lobectomy

[5]

2

18

M

LLL

Smith-Magenis syndrome, DM

Negative

Thoracotomy

 + 

ND

omental flap

[6]

3

40

M

RLL,

LLL

DM

Rt: Streptococcal sp.

Lt: Negative

VATS

 + 

ND

Rt S9: direct suture

Rt S10: EWS → pedicled intercostal muscle flap

Lt S10: free intercostal muscle flap

[7]

4

48

M

LUL

HT, DM

ND

Bronchoscopy

-

-

EWS, fibrin glue

[8]

5

51

M

LUL

ankylosing spondylitis, ARDS

Streptococcus constellatus

VATS

ND

ND

wedge resection

[9]

6

57

M

LLL

DM, RA

Mycobacterium avium

Thoracotomy

–

 + 

pedicled intercostal muscle flap

[10]

7

57

M

RML

septic shock

Prevotella sp.

Thoracotomy

–

 + 

EWS

[11]

8

58

M

RUL

RF, left pneumonia due to the inhalation of pus

Streptococcus intermedius,

prevotella buccae

Bronchoscopy

–

–

EWS

[12]

9

60

M

RLL

asthma, arrythmia, RF

Prevotella loescheii

Thoracotomy

ND

ND

Rt middle and lower lobectomy

[13]

10

62

M

RML

DM

Streptococcus Intermedius

Fenestration

–

 + 

EWS → VAC

[14]

11

63

M

LLL

liver cirrhosis, DM

Peptococcus sp.,

Eubacterium sp

VATS

 + 

 + 

EWS

[15]

12

63

M

RML

-

Negative

VATS

–

 + 

direct suture, PGA sheet, fibrin glue

[16]

13

20

F

RUL

septic shock, pulseless VT, MOF, DM, pulmonary tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

VATS

 + 

ND

Rt upper lobectomy

[4]

14

30

F

LLL

asthma, ARDS

Negative

VATS

 + 

ND

direct suture

[17]

15

55

F

RUL

HT

Streptococcus angionosus group

Thoracotomy

 + 

ND

ND

[18]

16

75

F

RUL

DM

MRSA

Fenestration

–

 + 

EWS → pedicled omental and muscle flap, thoracoplasty

[19]

17

87

F

RLL

microscopic polyangiitis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bronchoscopy

–

–

EWS

[20]

18

74

F

LLL

HT, AP, dental caries, periodonitis

Streptococcus intermedius

VATS → Thoracotomy

 + 

–

FPF inplantation, direct suture, fibrin glue

Our case