Fig. 2

Imagings and findings of each patient. a–e correspond, respectively, to Cases 1–5. In each case, the upper left displays the preoperative endoscopic findings, the right shows the operative findings, and the lower left presents the histopathological findings from resected specimens. In the operative findings, lymph node dissection areas are indicated by dashed lines, and vascular and bowel resection lines are indicated by double lines. Histopathological findings were evaluated using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) stained images. T: tumor; N: enlarged lymph nodes on surgery; Ao: abdominal aorta; SMA: superior mesenteric artery; J1a: first branch of the jejunal artery; J2a: second branch of the jejunal artery; J3a: third branch of the jejunal artery