Fig. 3

Histopathological findings. a Histological section of gastric tumor demonstrated a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with infiltration from the mucosal layer to the subserosal layer (hematoxylin and eosin staining; × 100). b There were no cancer cells in the mucosa of the lower bile duct (arrows). A moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma demonstrating the same histological type as the gastric cancer had spread mainly to the fibromuscular layer (hematoxylin and eosin staining; × 20). c Cancer cells infiltrated the portal vein, forming a tumor thrombus. Arrows show the wall of the portal vein (hematoxylin and eosin staining; × 20). The tumor thrombus is to the left of the portal vein wall