Table 1 Summary of case reports of mediastinal thoracic duct cysts since 1950
No | Authors | Year | Sex | Age | Location | Size (mm) | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Emerson [2] | 1950 | F | 20 | Middle mediastinum | 40 × 55 | Substernal pain, dyspnea, cough |
2 | Bakst [3] | 1954 | M | 42 | Lower mediastinum | 60 × 80 | Epigastric pain |
3 | Cohen [4] | 1962 | M | 35 | − | − | Chest pain |
4 | Thomas [5] | 1966 | M | 43 | − | − | Asymptomatic |
5 | Beasley [6] | 1971 | F | 46 | − | − | Asymptomatic |
6 | Fromang [7] | 1975 | F | 35 | Posterior mediastinum | − | Respiratory insufficiency, superior vena cava compression |
7 | Cervantes-Peres [8] | 1976 | M | 42 | − | − | Postprandial retrosternal pain |
8 | Gowar [9] | 1978 | F | 45 | Superior mediastinum | 60 × 40 | Dyspnea |
9 | Luosto [10] | 1978 | F | 56 | − | − | Asymptomatic |
10 | Den Otter [11] | 1979 | M | 60 | Anterior mediastinum | − | Asymptomatic |
11 | Tsuchiya [12] | 1980 | F | 49 | − | − | Eructation |
12 | Hori [13] | 1980 | M | 40 | − | − | Retrosternal pain, dysphagia, dyspnea |
13 | Morettin [14] | 1986 | M | 57 | − | − | Asymptomatic |
14 | Adachi [15] | 1989 | F | 27 | Posterior mediastinum | − | Asymptomatic |
15 | Takahashi [16] | 1990 | M | 72 | Superior mediastinum | 75 × 45 × 45 | Dysphagia |
16 | Mori [17] | 1992 | M | 86 | Middle mediastinum | 100 × 50 | Dyspnea, cyanosis |
17 | Muramatsu [18] | 1992 | M | 33 | Superior mediastinum | − | Asymptomatic |
18 | Okabe [19] | 1993 | M | 45 | − | 60 | Asymptomatic |
19 | Lamers [20] | 1994 | M | 57 | − | − | Retrosternal pain, cough |
20 | Nishizaki [21] | 1996 | M | 55 | Posterior lower mediastinum | 20 × 30 × 60 | Asymptomatic |
21 | Chen [22] | 1999 | M | 34 | Superior mediastinum | 30 × 50 × 150 | Asymptomatic |
22 | Karajiannis [23] | 2000 | M | 49 | Anterior superior mediastinum | 80 × 100 × 120 | Asymptomatic |
23 | Suzuki [24] | 2001 | F | 34 | Superior mediastinum | 65 × 40 | Left supraclavicular mass |
24 | Pramesh [25] | 2003 | M | 49 | Superior mediastinum | − | Hoarseness |
25 | Turkyilmaz [26] | 2007 | F | 82 | Posterior lower mediastinum | 90 × 100 | Dysphagia |
26 | Matwiyoff [27] | 2008 | M | 28 | Lower mediastinum | 25 × 15 | Chest pain |
27 | Mortman [1] | 2009 | F | 68 | Posterior lower mediastinum | 59 × 67 × 72 | Nonproductive cough, mild dyspnea on exertion, and chest pressure |
28 | De Santis [28] | 2010 | F | 30 | Superior mediastinum | 90 × 70 | Dry cough and hiccups |
29 | Kwak [29] | 2011 | F | 53 | Superior mediastinum | − | Asymptomatic |
30 | Taniguchi [30] | 2011 | M | 29 | Middle mediastinum | − | Asymptomatic |
31 | Wada [31] | 2012 | F | 58 | Middle mediastinum | 40 × 20 × 10 | Asymptomatic |
32 | Park [32] | 2015 | F | 42 | Posterior lower mediastinum | − | Asymptomatic |
33 | Wan [33] | 2015 | M | 35 | Posterior mediastinum to retroperitoneum | 42 × 50 × 114 | Abdominal pain |
34 | Halliday [34] | 2015 | M | 66 | Superior mediastinum | 20 | Hoarseness |
35 | Electra [35] | 2016 | F | 28 | Posterior lower mediastinum | 45 × 35 × 8 | Asymptomatic |
36 | Kamata [36] | 2017 | M | 54 | Superior mediastinum | − | Nausea and hypotension |
37 | Abu-Zaid [37] | 2018 | M | 57 | Posterior mediastinum to retroperitoneum | 130 | Right upper quadrant pain |
38 | Garner [38] | 2020 | F | 48 | Posterior middle mediastinum | 130 × 90 | Abdominal pain on a background of exertional dyspnoea and orthopnoea |
39 | Cabral [39] | 2022 | M | 74 | Lower mediastinum | 17 | Asymptomatic |
40 | Present case | 2023 | M | 77 | Posterior middle mediastinum—retroperitoneum | 180 × 20 | Asymptomatic |