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Table 1 Existing reports describing liver metastasis after a recurrence-free period of at least 5 years after resection of rectal NEN

From: Liver metastasis from rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm detected 15 years after primary resection

 

Recurrence-free period (years)

Surgical margin

Rectal tumor size (mm)

Ki-67 (%)

Tumor depth

Treatment for rectal NEN

Lymphovascular invasion

Number of liver metastasis

Maximum size of liver metastasis (mm)

Treatment for liver metastasis

Outcome after treatment of liver metastasis

Shigematsu et al. [6]

30

Negative

10

5.0

SM

Transanal posterior proctotomy

Absent

Multiple

50

Hepatectomy

Recurrence at the 1-year follow-up

Kwaan et al. [7]

13

Negative

6

N/A

SM

Transanal resection

N/A

Multiple

N/A

N/A

N/A

Hane et al. [5]

13

Negative

12

1.7

SM

Endoscopic resection

Present

Multiple

47

Everolimus

Stable disease at the 39-month follow-up

Hane et al. [5]

10

Negative

13

 < 1.0

SM

Endoscopic resection

Absent

Multiple

N/A

Octreotide/everolimus/streptozocin

Died of liver metastasis at the 1-year follow-up

Hane et al. [5]

9

Negative

10

5

SM

Endoscopic resection

Absent

Multiple

15

Radiofrequency ablation + octreotide

Recurrence at the 1-year follow-up

Kwaan et al. [7]

5

Positive

7

N/A

SM

Endoscopic resection

N/A

Multiple

N/A

N/A

N/A

Our case

15

Negative

10

< 2.0

SM

Low anterior resection + lymphadenectomy

Present

Single

7

Hepatectomy

Recurrence-free at the 6-month follow-up

  1. NEN neuroendocrine neoplasm, SM submucosa, MP muscularis propria, N/A not applicable