Fig. 3

Intraoperative findings. Intra-abdominal view (a). Macroscopic findings show a distended gallbladder with a dark-red surface (b). Also, the gallbladder shows a thickened wall and necrotic mucosa with many sand granular stones inside (b, c). Microscopic findings include necrosis, edema, and moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils (d)