Fig. 3

Intraoperative images. a Dilatation of the right gastric vein is found. Duodenal appearance has no remarkable change. b Indocyanine green is injected and observed with the infrared camera. The lesion and the boundary of the arteriovenous malformation are made clear (dotted line area). c Inflow vessels branching from the gastroduodenal artery are ligated (arrowheads), and the area from the pyloric ring to the duodenum is resected