Fig. 2

Operative findings. a Laparoscopy and intraperitoneal observation revealed a left indirect inguinal hernia. There were no other peritoneal indentations. b A mass covered with the vesicohypogastric fascia (arrowheads) was pulled into the femoral ring in the preperitoneal space. c The mass was confirmed to be a portion of the bladder (arrowheads); the mass expanded when saline was injected through the urinary catheter. d The protruding bladder was reduced carefully from the femoral ring (arrow). An aberrant obturator artery was observed (arrowheads). e The left myopectineal orifice was repaired with a mesh