Table 2 Clinical features of 24 case reports (including our case) of spontaneous common bile duct perforation in adults searched from 2001 to 2021
Case | Author | Year | Age | Sex | Duration of symptoms (days) | Imaging modality for preoperative diagnosis | Paracentesis | Preoperative diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Balsarkar [2] | 2001 | 21 | F | 1 | US | Biliary fluid | N.D |
2 | Rege [17] | 2002 | 55 | M | 2 | US | Biliary fluid | N.D |
3 | Razman [18] | 2004 | 36 | M | 14 | N.D | Not performed | Perforated peptic ulcer |
4 | McGrath [3] | 2005 | 34 | F | 1 | N.D | Not performed | Appendicitis/perforation |
5 | Marwah [4] | 2005 | 65 | F | 5 | US | Not performed | Perforation of CBD |
6 | Talwar [19] | 2006 | 21 | F | 3 | US | Biliary fluid | Duodenal ulcer perforation |
7 | Joseph [14] | 2008 | 28 | F | 5 | US | Biliary fluid | N.D |
8 | Dabbas [5] | 2008 | 20 | F | 56 | US, CT | Not performed | N.D |
9 | Bhattacharjee [6] | 2009 | 35 | F | 90 | US, CT | Biliary fluid | Peptic or gallbladder perforation |
10 | Karvonen [20] | 2009 | 67 | M | 7 | CT | Biliary fluid | Not surgical case (ERBD placement) |
11 | Yaşar [21] | 2009 | 38 | F | 14 | US, CT | Not performed | N.D |
12 | Khanna [7] | 2010 | 50 | F | 5 | N.D | Biliary fluid | Peptic perforation |
13 | Laway [22] | 2013 | 35 | M | 2 | US, CT | Biliary fluid | Duodenal perforation |
14 | Paramhans [12] | 2013 | 44 | F | 1 | US | Not performed | N.D |
15 | Bowan [8] | 2013 | 29 | F | 4 | N.D | Biliary fluid | Peptic perforation |
16 | Singh [15] | 2014 | 25 | F | 2 | US | Not performed | N.D |
17 | Ishii [9] | 2016 | 82 | M | 3 | US, CT | Not performed | Hemorrhage/Colitis/Appendicitis |
18 | Pülat [16] | 2016 | 36 | F | 7 | US, CT | Not performed | Perforation of CBD |
19 | Subasinghe [10] | 2016 | 66 | F | 3 | US | Not performed | Peritonitis |
20 | Hamura [1] | 2016 | 84 | M | 5 | US, CT, (postoperative ERCP) | Biliary fluid | Bile peritonitis |
21 | Mohanty [11] | 2017 | 17 | F | 3 | US | Biliary fluid | Peptic perforation |
22 | Huda [23] | 2017 | 40 | M | 90 | US | Biliary fluid | Perforation of CBD |
23 | Amberger [24] | 2018 | 28 | F | N.D | US, CT, MRI, Scintigraphy | Biliary fluid | Perforation of CBD |
24 | Our case | 2021 | 71 | F | Unknown | US, CT | Biliary fluid | Perforation of CBD |
Case | Causes | Surgical procedure (emergency) | Location of perforation | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Stone, pregnancy | T tube drainage | Below of the opening of the cystic duct | Alive |
2 | N.D | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Lateral wall of CBD inferior of the cystic duct | Alive |
3 | N.D | T tube drainage | Supraduodenal | Alive |
4 | Stone, pregnancy | Caesarean section | Junction of cystic duct (ERCP) | Alive |
5 | Stone | Cholecystectomy, choledochoduodenostomy | Supraduodenal | Alive |
6 | Pregnancy | T tube drainage | Supraduodenal | Alive |
7 | Pregnancy, choledochal cyst | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Supraduodenal | Alive |
8 | Stone, pregnancy | T tube drainage | Anterior surface | Alive |
9 | Stone | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Posterior wall | Alive |
10 | N.D | (ERCP case) | Common hepatic duct | Alive |
11 | N.D | T tube drainage, omentoplasty | Retropancreatic portion | Alive |
12 | Stone | T tube drainage | Supraduodenal | N.D |
13 | N.D | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Supraduodenal | Alive |
14 | Infection | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | CBD at cystic junction | Alive |
15 | Stone, pregnancy | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | 2 parts: ① hepatic duct, ② supraduodenal | Alive |
16 | Choledochal cyst, pancreatitis, pregnancy | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | 2 parts: ① mid, ② supraduodenal | Alive |
17 | Stone | RTBD, cholecystectomy | Left hepatic duct | Alive |
18 | Pancreatitis | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Common hepatic duct | Alive |
19 | Stone | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | CBD at cystic junction | Alive |
20 | Stone | Abdominal lavage only | N.D | Dead |
21 | N.D | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Supraduodenal | Alive |
22 | N.D | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Supraduodenal | Alive |
23 | N.D | (ERCP case) | Supraduodenal | Alive |
24 | Maljunction, stone, pancreatitis, cholangitis | T tube drainage, cholecystectomy | Supraduodenal | Alive |