Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the 198 Japanese cases of small intestinal arteriovenous malformations

Age -median (range)

59 yr (2 mo–95 yr)

Sex -no. (%)

 Male

115 (58.1)

 Female

83 (41.9)

Lesion number and location -no. (%)

 Isolated lesion

173 (87.4)

  Jejunum

98 (49.5)

  Ileum

62 (31.3)

  Small intestine

13 (6.6)

 Multiple or diffuse lesion

25 (12.6)

  Diffuse lesion

3 (1.5)

  Multiple lesions within the small intestine

7 (3.5)

 Coexisting lesion other than small intestine^a

13 (6.6)

   Large intestine

10 (5.1)

   Duodenum

2 (1.0)

   Stomach

1 (0.5)

   Pancreas

2 (1.0)

   Liver

1 (0.5)

Coexisting conditions^a -no. (%)

 Any

66 (33.3)

 Liver disease

31 (15.7)

 Cardiovascular disease

20 (10.1)

 Diabetes mellitus

12 (6.1)

 Renal disease

9 (4.5)

 Other

21 (10.6)

 Examination, n (positive^b/total^c)

 Angiography

(124/133)

 Contrast-enhanced CT

(40/66)

 Endoscopy^d

(59/60)

Treatment, n (%)

 Operation

139 (70.2%)

 Operation followed IVR^e

28 (14.1%)

 IVR^e

19 (9.6%)

  Re-bleeding

11

  Perforation

3

 Endoscopic hemostasis

5 (2.5%)

  Re-bleeding

9

 Conservation

7 (3.5%)