Fig. 2From: Thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position for esophageal cancer patients with pectus excavatum: a report of two casesThoracoscopic intraoperative findings of Patient 1. a Top-down visual field at the start of surgery. b Bottom-up visual field and the posterior mediastinum was found to be narrow because of pectus excavatum. V Vertebra, PL pulmonary ligament, RIPV right inferior pulmonary vein, E esophagus, Ao aortaBack to article page