Fig. 3

Schematic illustration of the intraoperative findings and resected specimens. a The severely adhered intestine, that is, the so-called “frozen pelvis” (red dashed line); intraluminal 5-cm stone (blue dotted line) near the perforation site of the small intestine (red arrowhead); proximal resection line on the anal side 1 m from the ligament of Treitz (red double line); and distal resection line on the oral side 1 m from the ileal end (blue double line); b The resected small intestine has many stenotic lesions and multiple stones in the prestenotic dilated lumen. The largest 5-cm stone and perforation site (red arrowhead) are located immediately on the oral side of the tightest stricture. Incidentally, the upper side is proximal, and the lower side is distal in the schematic