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Surgical Case Reports
Fig. 2 | Surgical Case Reports

Fig. 2

From: Closed laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for early gastric cancer with difficulty in endoscopic submucosal dissection: a report of three cases

Fig. 2

Procedure for closed laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. a Circumferential endoscopic submucosal resection around the tumor. b Laparoscopic serosal marking under guidance by endoscopy. c, d Seromuscular suture with inversion of the marked lesion into the inside of the stomach in such a way to bury a spongy spacer. e Endoscopic seromuscular dissection. The spacer extended the space between the sutured seromuscular plane and the serosal surface of the inverted lesion

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