Table 1 Reported cases of anorectal injuries related to PWC use
From: Anorectal injury related to a personal watercraft: a case report and literature review
Reference | Year | Age/sex | Driver or passenger | Clothing | Situation/trigger | Injury | Sphincter injury | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[4] | 1998 | 14/F | Passenger | NA | Turbulence | Laceration in the rectum Dissection of the bowel wall Perforation of the recto-sigmoid colon | − | Resection Sigmoid end colostomy | Alive |
[5] | 1999 | 15/F | Passenger | Swimwear | Sudden acceleration from rest | Perianal laceration 1 * 8-cm perforation of the rectal wall | + | Primary closure Sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (5 months later) |
[6] | 1999 | 30/F | Passenger | Swimwear | NA | 4-cm laceration in the rectal wall | − | Sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (12 weeks later) |
[3] | 2003 | 16/M | Passenger | NA | NA | 5-cm laceration in the wall of the sigmoid colon Perforation of the rectal wall 2-cm linear wound of the anus | − | Resection Primary anastomosis | Dead |
[7] | 2004 | 26/F | Passenger | NA | Traveling at high speeds | 5 * 2.5-cm laceration in the rectal wall 13-cm laceration in the rectal wall communicating with the vagina 3-cm laceration in the vaginal fornix | − | Primary closure Sigmoid end colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (12 weeks later) |
[8] | 2007 | 28/F | Passenger | NA | Traveling at high speeds | Perforation of the anorectal wall 5-cm serosal damage to the sigmoid colon | + | Primary closure Sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (3 months later) |
[9] | 2007 | 15/F | Passenger | NA | Sudden acceleration | Deep perineal laceration Complete anodermal dissection | + | Primary closure Sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (timing unknown) |
[9] | 2007 | 19/F | Passenger | NA | NA | 3-cm laceration in the rectal wall Laceration in the rectal wall Perforation of the rectosigmoid colon | + | Sigmoid end colostomy | Alive, schedule for colostomy closure |
[10] | 2007 | 34/M | Passenger | NA | NA | Perforation of the rectal wall | − | Sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (10 weeks later) |
[11] | 2009 | 28/M | Passenger | Swimwear | Jumping the waves | Long superficial wound of the perineum 3-cm mucosal damage to the rectal wall | − | Sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (20 weeks later) |
[12] | 2011 | 14/F | Passenger | Swimwear | Traveling at high speeds | Perforation of the rectal wall | − | Primary closure End colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (4 months later) |
[13] | 2012 | 20/M | Passenger | NA | Traveling at high speeds | 5-cm perforation of the rectal wall | − | Laparoscopic end colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (6 months later) |
[14] | 2014 | 27/F | NA | NA | Traveling at high speeds | 5-cm laceration of the rectal wall Perforation of the rectum | + | Primary closure End colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (3 months later) |
Our case | 2020 | 21/M | Passenger | Swimwear | Sudden acceleration from rest | Deep laceration in the rectal wall Perforation of the rectal wall | + | Primary closure Laparoscopic sigmoid loop colostomy | Alive, colostomy closure (4 months later) |