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Table 1 Previously reported cases of cholesterol granuloma in the mediastinum

From: Multifocal cholesterol granulomas of the anterior mediastinum

Authors

Age/sex

Background

Site

Size (cm)/mono or multifocal

Radiological findings

Surgical procedure

Luckraz et al. [1]

74/M

Aortic stenosis

Anterior

0.7 × 2.0 × 2.7/mono

No data

Extirpation through median sternotomy

Fujimoto et al. [2]

62/M

Myocardial infarction, thrombosis in the left atrium, dyslipidemia, on warfarin

Anterior

2.0 × 1.8/mono

CT: slight contrast enhancement, spotty calcification within the tumor; PET: an increased uptake; MRI: low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images

Extirpation through median sternotomy

Shindo et al. [5]

55/M

None

Posterior

4.5 × 7.0/mono

CT: non-contrast enhancement, MRI: high signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images

Extirpation through VATS

Ezzat et al. [6]

75/M

Angina, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, COPD, dyslipidemia, smoker, trauma

Anterior

2.0 × 3.0 × 3.0/mono

No data

Extirpation through median sternotomy

Krishman et al. [7]

65/M

Third degree heart block, pericarditis, hypertension, coronary artery stenosis

Anterior

1.0 × 1.9 × 2.0/mono

No data

Extirpation through median sternotomy

Ghigna et al. [8]

53/M

None

Anterior

2.0 × 3.0 × 5.0/mono

No data

Thymectomy through median sternotomy

Ghigna et al. [8]

25/M

Car racer

Anterior

1.2 × 2.5 × 4.0/mono

No data

Thymectomy through median sternotomy

Kawai et al. [9]

68/F

Chronic thyroiditis

Anterior

1.0 × 2.0/mono

CT: non-contrast enhancement, scattered nodules within the tumor; PET: an increased uptake; MRI: low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images

Extended thymectomy through median sternotomy

Drury et al. [10]

74/M

COPD, atrial fibrillation

Anterior

3.2/mono

CT: focal calcification, PET: an increased uptake

Thymectomy through VATS

Kobayashi et al. [11]

64/F

Diabetes mellitus

Anterior

2.0 × 1.7/mono

CT: non-contrast enhancement, MRI: low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images

Thymectomy through VATS

Nagata et al. [12]

56/F

Dyslipidemia

Anterior

2.0 × 2.0 × 1.0, 1.3 × 1.3 × 1.2/multi

CT: non-contrast enhancement, PET: an increased uptake

Extended thymectomy through median sternotomy

Our case (2020)

71/F

Dyslipidemia, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, coronary artery stenosis, old cerebrovascular infarction

Anterior

4.2 × 2.6, 3.2 × 3.0; 2.6 × 2.6, 2.3 × 2.3/multi

CT: slight contrast enhancement, spotty calcification within the tumor

Total thymectomy through median sternotomy