Fig. 4

Schema of surgical procedures (illustration). a The left atrium was incised from the apex of the LAA to the confluence of the PV and proceeded separately to the upper and lower PVs. b The anterior walls of stenosed or occluded lesions were dissected as peripherally as possible. c The left atrium and PV were covered with incised LAA flap using 5-0 monofilament running suture (sutureless technique)