Fig. 5From: Thoracoscopic surgery combined with endoscopic creation of a submucosal tunnel for a large complicated esophageal leiomyomaThoracoscopic surgical procedure. a Cutting the outer membrane of the esophagus around the tumor then dissecting the muscular layer in the esophageal wall along the cut edge of the outer membrane. b Connecting the enucleation layer to the submucosal tunnel created during the endoscopic procedure. c View after enucleating the tumor with the endoscope passed through the submucosal tunnel. d Closing the defect in the muscularis using continuous suturesBack to article page