Fig. 4From: Thoracoscopic surgery combined with endoscopic creation of a submucosal tunnel for a large complicated esophageal leiomyomaEndoscopic surgical procedure. a Injecting indigo carmine into the submucosal layer. b Creating the entry to the submucosal tunnel 30-mm proximal to the oral edge of the tumor. c Dissecting the layer between the mucosal and muscular layers. d Extending the submucosal tunnel beyond the anal edge of the tumor and separating the tumor from the mucosaBack to article page