Table 1 Description of characteristics of all available cases, reported till day, in chronological order
Serial no. | Age (years) | Location of lesion | Onset of pain | Predisposing factors | Diagnosis (provisional) | Investigations | Management | Publication year and author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NA | Left | NA | NA | Orchitis | None | NA | 1903, Senn [7] |
2 | NA | NA | “Sudden” | None | Thrombosis | None | Excision | 1904, Senn [8] |
3 | 41 | Left | 5 weeks | None | Orchitis | None | Orchidectomy | 1935, Mc Gavin [9] |
4 | 57 | Left | 4 weeks | None | Orchitis | None | Orchidectomy | 1935, Mc Gavin [9] |
5 | 27 | Left | 16 h | None | NA | None | Vein biopsy | 1977, Anseline [10] |
6 | 7 | Left | NA | None | NA | Venography | Exploration | 1980, Coolsaet and Weinberg [11] |
7 | 10 | Left | NA | None | Thrombosis | Venography | NSAID | 1980, Coolsaet and Weinberg [11] |
8 | 15 | Left | 11 days | Walking | NA | None | Excision | 1980, Coolsaet and Weinberg [11] |
9 | 33 | Left | 10 days | None | Incarcerated hernia | IVP | Excision | 1981, Vincent and Bokinsky [12] |
10 | 44 | Right | “Hours” | Playing sports | Inguinal mass | None | Excision | 1981, Rothman [13] |
11 | 33 | Left | NA | Varicocele | NA | None | Excision | 1985, Roach et al. [14] |
12 | 42 | Contralateral | 1 week | None | Incarcerated hernia | IVP, cavogram CT scan | Excision | 1985, Roach et al. [14] |
13 | 23 | Left | “Hours” | Heavy weight lifting | Incarcerated hernia | Doppler USG | Excision | 1990, Isenberg et al. [15] |
14 | 19 | Left | “Hours” | Vigorous exercise | Incarcerated hernia | None | Excision | 1993, Gleason et al. [16] |
15 | 27 | Left | 2–3 h | Heavy weight lifting | Incarcerated hernia | None | Exploration | 2006, Hashimoto et al. [2] |
16 | 33 | Left | 3 days | Cycling | Thrombosis | Doppler USG | NSAID | 2009, Doerfler et al. [17] |
17 | NA | Contralateral | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2010, Kayes et al. [18] |
18 | 28 | Left | 14 days | Nutcracker syndrome | NA | Doppler USG, CT scan | Excision | 2014, Mallat et al. [19] |
19 | 43 | Right | 2 days | Absence IVC, mutation factor V Leiden | NA | Doppler USG, CT scan | Anticoagulation | 2015, Chi and Hairston [20] |
20 | 39 | Contralateral | 3 days | Infection protein C deficiency | Thrombosis | Doppler USG, CT Scan | Antibiotics anticoagulant | 2018, Kamel et al. [6] |
21 (present case) | 65 | Bilateral | 1 day | Heavy weight lifting | Incarcerated hernia | Doppler USG, MRI, CT scan blood test | NSAID | 2020, Bakshi S |