Table 1 Ruptured thymoma case series
From: Lifesaving surgery for a ruptured invasive thymoma using the hemi-clamshell approach: a case report
First author [Reference] | Year | Age/sex | Specimen size (cm) | Symptoms | Histology (WHO classification) | Masaoka–Koga classification | Surgical approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caplin [5] | 1985 | 51/M | ― | Chest pain and dyspnea | ― | ― | Posterolateral thoracotomy |
Templeton [6] | 1988 | 63/M | ― | Chest pain and dyspnea with hypotension | Malignant thymoma | III | Biopsy only |
Fukuse [7] | 1991 | 70/M | ―* | Dyspnea | ― | ― | Median sternotomy with anterolateral thoracotomy |
Shimokawa [8] | 2001 | 71/F | 6 × 4.5 × 3.5 | Chest pain and dyspnea with mild hypotension | AB | II | Upper-part sternotomy with hemi-transection of the sternum to the fourth intercostal space |
Santoprete [9] | 2007 | 73/F | 12.5 × 14.5 × 12 | Chest pain | AB | II | Clamshell |
Hokka [10] | 2015 | 77/F | 7.2 × 4.3 × 4.3 | Chest pain | B1 | II | Anterolateral thoracotomy with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery |
Present case | 2018 | 56/F | 10.5 × 11 × 4.6 | Chest pain with hemoptysis | B2 | III | Hemi-clamshell with sternotomy |