Internal hernia to the retrosternal space is a rare complication after minimally invasive esophagectomy: three case reports

Surgical Case Reports

Table 1 Cases of retrosternal hernia after thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy

Case	Age (years)	Sex	BMI (kg/m²)	Symptom	Location of herniation	Diagnostic methods	Days until diagnosis	Herniated contents	Treatment	No relapse (months)
1	74	M	17.7	Syncope	Bilateral thorax	CT	731	SI/TC	Operation	15
2	60	M	18.2	Abdominal pain	Retrosternum	CT	485	SI	Analgesic drug	22
4	80	M	19.7	Abdominal pain	Left hemithorax	CT	413	SI/TC	Analgesic drug	15

M male, BMI body mass index, CT computed tomography, SI short intestine, TC transverse colon