Table 1 Patient characteristics

Age, year (range)

82 (74–86)

Sex, male/female

0/8

Hernia type (III/IV)

5/3

BMI, kg/m² (range)

24.7 (14.6–25.8)

Lumbar kyphosis, n (%)

6 (75%)

 Hypertension

4 (50)^a

 Coronary artery disease

2 (25)^a

 Rheumatoid arthritis

1 (12.5)

 Abdominal aortic aneurysm

1 (12.5)^a

 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1 (12.5)

 Obstruction

8 (100)

 Vomiting

2 (25)

 Chest pain

2 (25)

 Heartburn

1 (12.5)

Morbidity period, month (range)

12 (6–36)