Fig. 3
From: Pulmonary artery sarcoma resected via median sternotomy with thoracoscopic assistance
a Scheme showing visualization of the inferior pulmonary vein (dotted circled line) via median sternotomy or lateral thoracoscopy. It is difficult to directly visualize the inferior pulmonary vein via median sternotomy because it is blocked by the heart (double line arrow), but the vein can be easily identified by thoracoscopy (single line arrow). b Simple and safe transection of the inferior pulmonary vein with a mechanical stapler and thoracoscopic assistance