Fig. 4
Laparoscopic surgery for gastric volvulus. a The placement of three trocars and two small incisions made for gastropexy. b The fundus is folded posteroinferiorly, and the spleen is attached to the fundus which is freely mobile. The operative findings confirm the diagnosis of wandering spleen. c Phrenofundopexy is performed to prevent lowering of the fundus and to keep the spleen fixed in the left upper abdomen. d Anterior gastropexy is performed to prevent the stomach from twisting