Table 1 Cases in literature reporting retrograde transvenous thoracic duct embolization
Authors | Year | Number of patients | Age | Sex | Causes of lymph leakage | Technical success | Embolization success | Clinical success | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mittleider et al. [1] | 2008 | 1 | 60 s | M:1 | Postoperative pancreatic cancer:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/1 | None |
Koike et al. [9] | 2013 | 2 | 50-60 s | M:1, F:1 | Postoperative thoracic aortic aneurysm:1 spinal arteriovenous malformation:1 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | None |
Schild et al. [10] | 2015 | 1 | – | – | – | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Sugimura et al. [6] | 2017 | 1 | 60 s | M:1 | Liver cirrhosis:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Arslan et al. [11] | 2017 | 1 | 50 s | F:1 | Cervical lymph node dissection:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Hussain et al. [12] | 2018 | 1 | 20 s | M:1 | Traffic trauma:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Srinivasa et al. [2] | 2018 | 3 | 10-70 s | M:2, F:1 | Post-nephrectomy:2, hypoplastic left heart:1 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | None |
Majdalany et al. [13] | 2018 | 3 | 60-70 s | M:2, F:1 | Post-nephrectomy:2,post-pancreatectomy and splenectomy | 3/3 | 3/3 | 2/3 | None |
Kariya et al. [14] | 2018 | 13 | 20-80 s | M:5, F:8 | Lymphangiectasis:3, thyroid cancer:1, systemic lupus erythematosus:1, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome:1, past esophageal cancer chemoradiation:1, postoperative esophageal cancer:1, gastric cancer surgery:2, lung cancer:1, cervical cancer:1, unknown:1 | 8/13 | 1/1 | 1/1 | Thoracic valve injury |
Rott et al. [15] | 2020 | 1 | 60 s | F:1 | Postoperative Nissen surgery:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Morikawa et al. [5] | 2020 | 3 | 40-70 s | M:1, F:2 | Postoperative paraaortic lymph node dissection, post-nephrectomy:2 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | None |
Dar et al. [16] | 2021 | 1 | 50 s | M:1 | Traffic trauma:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Sato et al. [8] | 2021 | 1 | 70 s | M:1 | Postoperative esophageal cancer:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Kalia et al. [17] | 2022 | 2 | 50 s | F:2 | Post-nephrectomy:2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Seth et al. [18] | 2022 | 1 | 50 s | M:1 | Unknown:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Jun et al. [7] | 2022 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Petrini et al. [19] | 2023 | 1 | 60 s | M:1 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma:1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | None |
Kim et al. [20] | 2023 | 16 | – | – | – | 8/16 | 8/16 | 6/12 | – |